Si
元素符号:Si
中文名称:硅
英文名称:Silicon
原子序数:14
原子量:28.09
外围电子排布:3s2 3p2
核外电子排布:2,8,4
常见化合价:+2,+4
密度:2.33
溶点:1410
沸点:3265
所属周期:3
所属族数:IVA
原子半径:1.46
离子半径:0.26(+4)
共价半径:1.11
同位素及放射性:*Si-28 Si-29 Si-30
发现人:J鰊s Berzelius
发现时间:1824
发现地点:瑞典
名称由来:Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
元素描述:Amorphous form is brown power; crystalline form has gray metallic appearance. Seventh most abundant element in the universe. Second most plentiful element in the earths crust.
元素来源:Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Commercial production depends on a reaction between sand (SiO2) and carbon at a temperature of around 2200 癈.
元素用途:Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the hardest substances known and used in polishing. Also the crystalline form is used in semiconductors.