O
元素符号:O
中文名称:氧
英文名称:Oxygen
原子序数:8
原子量:16.00
外围电子排布:2s2 2p4
核外电子排布:2,6
常见化合价:-2,-1
密度:0.001429
溶点:-218.4
沸点:-182.962
所属周期:2
所属族数:VIA
原子半径:0.65
离子半径:1.40(-2)
共价半径:0.73
同位素及放射性:*O-16 O-17 O-18
发现人:Joseph Priestly, Carl Wilhelm Scheele
发现时间:1774
发现地点:英格兰/瑞典
名称由来:Greek: oxys and genes, (acid former).
元素描述:Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; pale blue liquid. Third most abundant element in the universe. It is the most abundant element in the earth's crust, and makes up almost 21% of the atmosphere.
元素来源:Obtained primarily from liquid air by fractional distillation. Small amounts are made in the laboratory by electrolysis of water or heating potassium chlorate (KClO3) with manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst.
元素用途:Used in steel making, welding, and supporting life. Naturally occuring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation.