K
元素符号:K
中文名称:钾
英文名称:Potassium
原子序数:19
原子量:39.10
外围电子排布:4s1
核外电子排布:2,8,8,1
常见化合价:+1
密度:0.862
溶点:63.25
沸点:759.9
所属周期:4
所属族数:IA
原子半径:2.77
离子半径:1.51(+1)
共价半径:2.03
同位素及放射性:*K-39 K-40(放 βε) K-41
发现人:Sir Humphrey Davy
发现时间:1807
发现地点:英格兰
名称由来:English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
元素描述:Soft, waxy, silver-white metal. Eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust (20,900 ppm). Occurs only in compounds.
元素来源:Found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O] & sylvite (potassium chloride, KCL). Pure metal is produced by the reaction of hot potassium chloride and sodium vapors in a special retort.
元素用途:Used as potash in making glass & soap. Also as saltpeter, potassium nitrate (KNO3) to make explosives and to color fireworks in mauve. Formerly called kalium (K). Vital to function of nerve and muscle tissures.