F
元素符号:F
中文名称:氟
英文名称:Fluorine
原子序数:9
原子量:19.00
外围电子排布:2s2 2p5
核外电子排布:2,7
常见化合价:-1
密度:0.001696
溶点:-219.62
沸点:-188.14
所属周期:2
所属族数:VIIA
原子半径:0.57
离子半径:1.33(-1)
共价半径:0.72
同位素及放射性:F-19
发现人:Henri Moissan
发现时间:1886
发现地点:法国
名称由来:Latin: fluere (flow).
元素描述:Greenish-yellow, pungent, corrosive gas. Extremely reactive. Does not occur uncombined in nature.
元素来源:Found in the minerals fluorite (CaF2) and cryolite(Na3AlF6). Electrolysis of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or potassium acid fluoride (KHF2) is the only practical method of commercial production.
元素用途:Used in refrigerants and other fluorocarbons. Also in toothpaste as sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2); also in Teflon.